The museum‘s principal aims are research, documentation and presentation of the diversity and development of living and non-living nature in all its variety especially at the territory of Slovakia. Museum is a central methodological institution with a nationwide authority. With its collections (approximately 2.4 million objects) it ranks among the most significant European natural history museums. Collections are provided to the professional public for scientific studies and are presented to the general public by means of exhibitions, lectures, monographies, publication outputs in the scientific journals as well as daily press, radio and television.
The museum’s collections comprises mineralogy, petrology, palaeontology, anthropology, botany and zoology. The museum’s acquisition activities are oriented primarily to the territory of Slovakia; minerals from abroad are acquired in particular for the exhibition purposes and for comparative studies. Particularly valuable is the type and historical documentary material, as well as collections of significant scientists and collectors.